ABSTRACT
Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is human herpes-8 asscociated vascular tumor which is characterized by pink-livedoid papules, nodules and plaques, clinically. It was classifed into 4 groups including classical KS, endemic- African type KS, iatrogenic KS and AIDS related (epidemic) KS. The lesions are usually asymptomatic and have a slowly growing nature and they may affect both skin and mucosal surfaces. Treatment is generally directed towards regressing the symptoms and stopping the progression of the disease. In this review, the clinical findings, pathological features and treatment options of KS were shortly summarized in light of the recent knowledge.
References
1Bolognia J, Cerroni L, Schaffer JV. (2018). Dermatology (4th ed.) Philadelphia: Elsevier.
2Brambilla L, Boneschi V, Taglioni M, Ferrucci S. Staging of classic Kaposi’s sarcoma: a useful tool for therapeutic choices. Eur J Dermatol 2003; 13: 83-86.
3Hiatt KM, Nelson AM, Lichy JH, Fanburg-Smith JC. Classic Kaposi Sarcoma in the United States over the last two decades: a clinicopathologic and molecular study of 438 non-HIV-related Kaposi Sarcoma patients with comparison to HIV-related Kaposi Sarcoma. Mod Pathol 2008; 21: 572-582.
4Krown SE, Metroka C, Wernz JC. Kaposi’s sarcoma in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome: a proposal for uniform evaluation, response, and staging criteria. AIDS Clinical Trials Group Oncology Committee. J Clin Oncol 1989; 7: 1201-1207.
5Rapaka RR, Fischer M, Finucane TE, Mwakingwe A. Bigger Foot: Kaposi’s Sarcoma. Am J Med 2015; 128: 959-962.
6Brenner B, Rakowsky E, Katz A, et al. Tailoring treatment for classical Kaposi’s sarcoma: comprehensive clinical guidelines. Int J Oncol 1999; 14: 1097-1102.
7Tourlaki A, Bellinvia M, Brambilla L. Recommended surgery of Kaposi’s sarcoma nodules. J Dermatolog Treat 2015; 26: 354-366.
8Hauerstock D, Gerstein W, Vuong T. Results of radiation therapy for treatment of classic Kaposi sarcoma. J Cutan Med Surg 2009; 13: 18-21.
9Von Roenn JH, Cianfrocca M. Treatment of Kaposi’s sarcoma. Cancer Treat Res 2001; 104: 127-48.
10Webster GF. Local therapy for mucocutaneous Kaposi’s sarcoma in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Dermatol Surg 1995; 21: 205-208.
11Özdemir M, Balevi A. Successful treatment of classic kaposi sarcoma with long-pulse neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser: A preliminary study. Dermatol Surg 2017; 43: 366-370.
12Marchell N, Alster TS. Successful treatment of cutaneous Kaposi’s sarcoma by the 585-nm pulsed dye laser. Dermatol Surg 1997; 23: 973-975.
13Chun YS, Chang SN, Park WH. A case of classical Kaposi’s sarcoma of the penis showing a good response to high-energy pulsed carbon dioxide laser therapy. J Dermatol 1999; 26: 240-243.
14Trattner A, Reizis Z, David M, Ingber A, Hagler J, Sandbank M. The therapeutic effect of intralesional interferon in classical Kaposi’s sarcoma. Br J Dermatol 1993; 129: 590-593.
15Ghyka G, Alecu M, Halalau F, Coman G. Intralesional human leukocyte interferon treatment alone or associated with IL-2 in non-AIDS related Kaposi’s sarcoma. J Dermatol 1992; 19: 35-39.
16Vassallo C, Carugno A, Derlino F, Ciocca O, Brazzelli V, Borroni G. Intralesional vinblastine injections for treatment of classic Kaposi sarcoma in diabetic patients. Cutis 2015; 95: E28-34.
17Brambilla L, Bellinvia M, Tourlaki A, Scoppio B, Gaiani F, Boneschi V. Intralesional vincristine as first-line therapy for nodular lesions in classic Kaposi sarcoma: a prospective study in 151 patients. Br J Dermatol 2010; 162: 854-859. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09601.x. Epub 2009 Nov 25. Erratum in: Br J Dermatol 2010; 162: 907-908. Dosage error in article text. PubMed PMID: 19995366.
18Morganroth GS. Topical 0.1% alitretinoin gel for classic Kaposi sarcoma. Arch Dermatol 2002; 138: 542-543.
19Célestin Schartz NE, Chevret S, Paz C, et al. Imiquimod 5% cream for treatment of HIV-negative Kaposi’s sarcoma skin lesions: A phase I to II, open-label trial in 17 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008; 58: 585-591.
20Díaz-Ley B, Grillo E, Ríos-Buceta L, et al. Classic Kaposi’s sarcoma treated with topical rapamycin. Dermatol Ther 2015; 28: 40-43.
21Abdelmaksoud A, Filoni A, Giudice G, Vestita M. Classic and HIV-related Kaposi sarcoma treated with 0.1% topical timolol gel. J Am Acad Dermatol 2017; 76: 153-155.
